DIFFUSIVE SHOCK ACCELERATION · First-order Fermi
unseel.com · Cosmic rays at a supernova blast wave
gain/cycle ≈ 1.7%
crossings 0
energy 1 GeV
upstream u₁ = 5,000 km/s
downstream u₂ = u₁/4
accelerated proton
Unseel.com · Diffusive Shock Acceleration