Activity Coefficients · How Real Solutions Break Raoult's Law
unseel.com · γ · nonideality · Debye–Hückel
γ 1.00
regime ideal
aᵢ = γ·xᵢ = xᵢ
step
solvent A
solute B
ion + atmosphere
ideal (Raoult) line
Unseel.com · Activity Coefficients Unseel.com · Activity Coefficients — Concepts