Fischer Indole Synthesis · [3,3]-Shift Builds the Ring
unseel.com · ArNHNH₂ + ketone —H⁺→ indole + NH₃ · Fischer 1883
Stage condensation
N–N bond intact
Step reagents assembled
Aromatic ring (from Ar)
Nitrogen (N1 & terminal N)
Ketone carbons (→ C2, C3)
New C–C bond ([3,3])
Leaving NH₃ / H⁺
Unseel.com · Fischer Indole Synthesis