Graham's Law · Rate ∝ 1/√M
unseel.com · lighter gas escapes the pinhole faster
Escaped light 0
Escaped heavy 0
Stage gas sealed in the chamber
Light gas (He, M=4) — fast
Heavy gas (O₂, M=32) — slow
Pinhole (≪ mean free path)
Escape ratio √(M₂/M₁)
Unseel.com · Graham's Law