Mars-van Krevelen · Lattice-Oxygen Redox Cycle
unseel.com · reducible metal oxide · V2O5 / CeO2 · two-step redox
Metal state M⁵⁺
O vacancies 0
Stage
Metal cation (V / Ce)
Lattice oxygen O²⁻
Hydrocarbon / product
Gas-phase O2 · reoxidation
Unseel.com · The Mars-van Krevelen Mechanism