Stephen Reduction ·
Nitrile → Aldehyde
un
seel
.com · R-C≡N → R-CHO · SnCl₂ / HCl · 1925
C–N bond order
3
Sn oxidation
+2
Stage
nitrile ready
Carbon (nitrile C)
Nitrogen
Tin(II) → Tin(IV)
Electron / new bond
H / Cl / oxygen
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.com · Stephen Reduction