Stephen Reduction · Nitrile → Aldehyde
unseel.com · R-C≡N → R-CHO · SnCl₂ / HCl · 1925
C–N bond order 3
Sn oxidation +2
Stage nitrile ready
Carbon (nitrile C)
Nitrogen
Tin(II) → Tin(IV)
Electron / new bond
H / Cl / oxygen
Unseel.com · Stephen Reduction