The Taft Equation — Interactive 3D Animation

Taft Equation · Steric vs Polar Effects

unseel.com · log(k/k₀) = ρ*σ* + δEs · Taft 1952

σ* (polar) 0.00
Es (steric) 0.00

Step —

Polar term σ* (electronics)
Steric term Es (bulk)
Ester carbonyl / reaction center
Methyl reference (σ*=0, Es=0)