Tishchenko Reaction · 2 RCHO → 1 Ester
unseel.com · Al(OR)₃ catalysis · disproportionation
Al oxidation state +3
Atom economy 100%
Stage two aldehydes assembled
Aluminum (Lewis acid)
Aldehyde A → acyl (oxidized)
Aldehyde B → alkoxy CH₂ (reduced)
Carbonyl / ester oxygen
Migrating hydride (H⁻)
Unseel.com · Tishchenko Reaction