The Ullmann Reaction ·
Copper Biaryl Coupling
un
seel
.com · 2 Ar–I + Cu → Ar–Ar · since 1901
Cu state
Cu(I)
Bonds forged
0
Stage
two aryl iodides + copper
Copper (Cu)
Aryl ring (Ar)
Aryl ring (Ar′)
Iodide (I⁻)
New C–C bond
▶ Play
←
→
Unmute
Reset
Un
seel
.com · The Ullmann Reaction