Hall-Petch · Grain-Size Strengthening
unseel.com · σ_y = σ₀ + k·d⁻¹ᐟ² · dislocation pile-ups
Grain size — µm
Yield σ_y — MPa
State
Grain crystal
Grain boundary
Dislocation pile-up
Yield strength
Unseel.com · Hall-Petch Strengthening