Manipulability Ellipsoid · Kinematic Singularity
unseel.com · v = J(q)·q̇ · w = √det(JJᵀ)
w = |l₁l₂ sin θ₂| 0.250
κ = σ_max/σ_min 1.0
Pose
Robot links l₁,l₂
σ₁ — fast axis
σ₂ — slow axis / collapse
Manipulability ellipsoid
Unseel.com · Manipulability Ellipsoid and Kinematic Singularities of Robot Arms