Aortic
Stenosis
un
seel
.com · calcified valve · pressure gradient · the murmur
jet velocity
1.0
m/s
mean gradient
3
mmHg
valve area
3.5
cm²
severity
normal
state
—
Normal leaflets & laminar flow
Calcific stiffening (Lp(a) · RANKL · BMP-2)
Fixed obstruction · turbulent jet · murmur
Valve replacement (TAVR / SAVR)
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.com · Aortic Stenosis: The Calcified Valve, the Pressure Gradient, and the Murmur