Helmholtz
Free Energy
un
seel
.com · F = U − TS · Minimized at equilibrium · F = −kT ln Z
F = U − TS
0.00
U (energy)
0.00
−TS (entropy)
0.00
T
0.30
state
standby
F = U − TS landscape
U (internal energy)
−TS (entropy term)
State ball → minimum
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.com · Helmholtz Free Energy