Kosterlitz-Thouless · Vortex Unbinding in 2D
unseel.com · 2D XY model · topological defects · Nobel 2016
Temperature T < T_KT
Free vortices 0
phase
Spins (θ direction)
Vortex (+2π winding)
Antivortex (−2π winding)
Bound pair
Unseel.com · The Kosterlitz-Thouless Transition