Ladder
Operators
un
seel
.com · raising a† · lowering a · energy rungs
level
n = 0
energy
E = ½ℏω
spacing
ΔE = ℏω
last op
—
state
standby
energy rungs Eₙ = ℏω(n+½)
raising a† (climb up)
lowering a (step down)
current state |n⟩
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