Mermin-Wagner Theorem — Interactive 3D Animation

Mermin-Wagner Theorem · No 2D Order

unseel.com · continuous spins · Goldstone modes · <φ²> ~ ∫dk/k

Net magnetization 1.00
<φ²> fluctuation 0.00

regime —

2D XY spins (in-plane)
net magnetization arrow
long-wavelength spin wave
vortex / antivortex (BKT)