Ward-Takahashi Identity ·
Gauge Symmetry Constrains the Vertex
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.com · kμ Γμ = S⁻¹(p+k) − S⁻¹(p) · U(1) current conservation
Identity gap
—
Z₁ vs Z₂
—
phase
—
Electron line (momentum p)
Photon momentum k / vertex Γμ
Inverse propagator S⁻¹
Identity balanced / Z₁ = Z₂
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.com · The Ward-Takahashi Identity: Gauge Symmetry Constrains the Vertex