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Subject

Psychology

Mind, behaviour, cognition, and human experience. Every concept visualized with interactive 3D animations.

Concepts

Videos

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96 concepts

Anchoring Bias · first number influences judgment

3D number anchor drops heavily onto a scale. All subsequent estimates orbit around it, unable to drift far. Shows how an initial piece of information

Cognitive Psychology

Asch Conformity Experiment · line judgment

3D group looking at line lengths. The answer is obviously A, but confederates all say C. The subject squirms, then conforms and says C too. 75% of peo

Social Psychology

Attachment Theory · Bowlby

3D mother-child pairs showing three attachment styles. Secure: child explores freely and returns. Anxious: child clings. Avoidant: child ignores. Each

Developmental Psychology

Availability Heuristic · easy to recall = must be common

3D brain with vivid memories (plane crash, shark attack) glowing bright and easily accessible, while common dangers (heart disease, car accidents) sit

Cognitive Psychology

Big Five Personality Traits · OCEAN

3D five sliders for Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism. Each slider adjusts to show a unique personality profile. N

Personality Psychology

Bobo Doll Experiment · Bandura

3D scene: adult aggressively hits a Bobo doll while a child watches. Then the child is left alone with the doll and imitates the aggressive behavior.

Behavioral Psychology

Bystander Effect · diffusion of responsibility

3D scene with a person needing help surrounded by increasing numbers of bystanders. As crowd grows, each individual's sense of responsibility shrinks

Social Psychology

Change Blindness · failing to notice obvious changes

3D scene that changes during a brief interruption (flash). A major element disappears or changes color, but the observer doesn't notice. Reveals how m

Cognitive Psychology

Circadian Rhythm · 24-hour biological clock

3D 24-hour clock with a human figure. Melatonin rises at night (blue glow, figure sleeps). Cortisol rises at dawn (gold glow, figure wakes). Body temp

Biological Psychology

Classical Conditioning · Pavlov

3D animation of Pavlov's experiment. A bell rings (neutral stimulus), then food appears causing salivation. After repeated pairings, the bell alone tr

Behavioral Psychology

Classical vs Operant Conditioning · Pavlov vs Skinner

3D split comparison. Left: Pavlov's bell-food pairing (involuntary response). Right: Skinner's lever-reward (voluntary behavior). Arrows show passive

Behavioral Psychology

Cocktail Party Effect · hearing your name in noise

3D noisy party with multiple conversation bubbles. All are gray noise except when your name is spoken — it instantly glows bright, cutting through the

Cognitive Psychology

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy · thoughts

3D triangle connecting Thoughts, Feelings, and Behaviors. Negative thought triggers bad feeling triggers avoidance behavior. CBT intervenes by changin

Clinical Psychology

Cognitive Dissonance · conflicting beliefs

3D brain with two opposing thought bubbles colliding. The collision creates visible tension waves. Show resolution by changing one belief to align wit

Social Psychology

Cognitive Load Theory · working memory

3D working memory buffer filling with information blocks. When overloaded, blocks fall off the edges. Chunking groups blocks together to fit more. Sho

Cognitive Psychology

Cognitive Restructuring · challenging negative thoughts

3D negative thought cloud (dark red 'I'm a failure') being examined, challenged with evidence, and transformed into a balanced thought (gold 'I strugg

Clinical Psychology

Confirmation Bias · selective attention

3D funnel where mixed evidence (green/red spheres) enters. The brain filter only lets through confirming evidence (green) and blocks disconfirming evi

Cognitive Psychology

Defense Mechanisms · Freud

3D ego shield deflecting threatening thoughts in different ways: denial (bouncing back), projection (redirecting onto others), repression (pushing dow

Clinical Psychology

Demand Characteristics · participants guess the hypothesis

3D experiment where the participant notices cues about what the researcher expects. The participant changes behavior to match expectations — not becau

Research Methods

Diffusion of Responsibility · more people

3D emergency scene. With 1 bystander, responsibility beam is bright and focused. With 5 bystanders, each person's beam splits and dims. With 20, it's

Social Psychology

Door-in-the-Face Technique · large request then small request

3D door that slams shut after a huge request. Then a smaller, reasonable request follows — the person agrees. The rejection of the first request creat

Social Psychology

Dunning-Kruger Effect · incompetence

3D graph showing confidence vs actual competence. Beginners have peak confidence (Mount Stupid), experts have moderate confidence. The valley of despa

Cognitive Psychology

Ego Depletion · willpower as limited resource

3D willpower battery that drains with each self-control decision. Resisting cookies, suppressing emotions, making hard choices — each depletes the bat

Cognitive Psychology

Elaboration Likelihood Model · central vs peripheral persuasion

3D fork: high-motivation path goes through central route (analyzing arguments carefully) while low-motivation path takes peripheral route (influenced

Social Psychology

Emotional Intelligence · self-awareness

3D four-quadrant model: self-awareness (mirror), self-regulation (thermostat), social awareness (radar), relationship management (handshake). Each qua

Positive Psychology

Endowment Effect · owning makes it more valuable

3D mug experiment. People given a mug value it at $7. People without a mug would only pay $3 for the same mug. Simply owning something makes us value

Cognitive Psychology

Erikson's Psychosocial Stages · eight stages

3D staircase of 8 ascending stages from infancy to old age. Each step presents a crisis: trust vs mistrust, identity vs confusion, integrity vs despai

Developmental Psychology

Extinction Burst · behavior gets worse before stopping

3D graph of behavior frequency. When reinforcement stops, behavior temporarily spikes dramatically (the burst) before gradually declining to zero. Lik

Behavioral Psychology

Extinction in Classical Conditioning · unlearning associations

3D Pavlov setup. Bell rings with food → salivation. Then bell rings WITHOUT food repeatedly. Salivation response gradually decreases to zero. But surp

Behavioral Psychology

Fight or Flight Response · adrenaline

3D body outline with the amygdala highlighted detecting a threat. Adrenaline particles flood the bloodstream, heart rate increases, pupils dilate, mus

Biological Psychology

Five Stages of Grief · Kübler-Ross

3D ascending path through five stages: denial (fog), anger (red flames), bargaining (golden scales), depression (dark valley), acceptance (green summi

Clinical Psychology

Flashbulb Memory · vivid emotional memories

3D camera flash capturing a dramatic moment in hyper-vivid detail. The memory feels perfectly preserved — but research shows flashbulb memories are ju

Cognitive Psychology

Flow State · Csikszentmihalyi

3D graph with challenge on Y-axis and skill on X-axis. Boredom zone at low challenge, anxiety zone at high challenge. The flow channel glows in the di

Positive Psychology

Foot-in-the-Door Technique · small request then large request

3D foot wedging open a door with a tiny favor. Once agreed, a larger request follows — and the person complies because they want to be consistent with

Social Psychology

Framing Effect · same facts

3D glass that is half full on one side and half empty on the other — same amount of water. People choose differently based on framing. Show a medical

Cognitive Psychology

Fundamental Attribution Error · personality vs situation

3D scene: someone trips and falls. Observer's thought bubble shows 'clumsy person' (personality attribution) while the actual cause is a hidden obstac

Social Psychology

Garcia Effect · taste aversion

3D person eating food that later causes nausea. In just ONE pairing, the person develops a strong aversion to that food — even if nausea came hours la

Behavioral Psychology

General Adaptation Syndrome · Selye

3D stress curve through three stages. Alarm: body mobilizes (spike). Resistance: body adapts and copes (plateau). Exhaustion: prolonged stress deplete

Health Psychology

Groupthink · conformity

3D circle of identical figures all nodding in agreement. One dissenter's thought bubble gets suppressed. The group makes a bad decision (red outcome)

Social Psychology

Habituation · decreased response to repeated stimulus

3D person startling at a loud sound. With each repetition, the startle response shrinks (response bar decreases). The brain learns the stimulus is har

Behavioral Psychology

Halo Effect · first impression

3D person with a glowing halo above their head. Positive trait rays (attractive, smart, kind) radiate outward from a single positive impression, color

Social Psychology

Hindsight Bias · I knew it all along

3D timeline with an event outcome revealed at the end. Looking backward, glowing arrows seem to point inevitably toward that outcome. But looking forw

Cognitive Psychology

Illusory Correlation · seeing patterns that don't exist

3D random dots with the brain drawing connecting lines between unrelated events. Two rare events occurring together seem linked, but a statistical ove

Cognitive Psychology

Illusory Superiority · above average effect

3D bar chart where 80% of people rate themselves above average in driving, intelligence, and attractiveness. Mathematically impossible — showing our s

Cognitive Psychology

Implicit Bias · unconscious prejudice

3D brain with two pathways: a fast automatic path (implicit) making snap judgments, and a slow deliberate path (explicit) making reasoned ones. The fa

Social Psychology

In-Group Out-Group Bias · us vs them

3D two groups divided by a line. Same objective behavior evaluated differently: in-group member's aggression is 'standing up for themselves' (green la

Social Psychology

Intrinsic vs Extrinsic Motivation · internal drive vs external reward

3D two engines: intrinsic (glowing inner fire, powered by curiosity and enjoyment) vs extrinsic (external fuel pump, powered by rewards and punishment

Cognitive Psychology

Just World Hypothesis · people get what they deserve

3D scales of justice that incorrectly balance — victims are blamed and successful people are assumed to be virtuous. The belief that the world is fair

Social Psychology

Kohlberg's Moral Development · pre-conventional

3D ascending platforms: Level 1 (avoid punishment), Level 2 (follow rules for social order), Level 3 (universal principles). A figure climbs through i

Developmental Psychology

Learned Helplessness · Seligman

3D figure in a box receiving unavoidable negative events. After many attempts to escape fail, the figure stops trying even when the door opens. Shows

Clinical Psychology

Locus of Control · internal vs external

3D person at a crossroads. Internal locus: steering wheel in their hands (I control my fate, glowing green). External locus: puppet strings from above

Cognitive Psychology

Loss Aversion · losses hurt more than gains feel good

3D scale where losing $100 weighs much heavier than gaining $100. The loss side drops dramatically while the gain side barely rises. Shows why people

Cognitive Psychology

Marshmallow Test · delayed gratification

3D child sitting at a table with one marshmallow. A timer counts down. The child can eat it now or wait for two marshmallows. Show the internal strugg

Developmental Psychology

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs · pyramid

3D pyramid with five ascending layers: physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, self-actualization. Each layer lights up from bottom to top, sho

Humanistic Psychology

Memory Encoding · sensory

3D pipeline showing information flowing through three memory stages. Sensory memory (brief flash), short-term/working memory (7 slots), and long-term

Cognitive Psychology

Mere Exposure Effect · familiarity breeds liking

3D objects appearing repeatedly. With each exposure, the object glows warmer and a liking meter rises. Shows how simply seeing something more often ma

Social Psychology

Milgram's Obedience Study · authority

3D scene with an authority figure instructing a subject to deliver increasing voltage shocks. The voltage meter climbs with each step. Shows how ordin

Social Psychology

Negative Reinforcement vs Punishment · commonly confused

3D comparison. Negative reinforcement: removing something bad increases behavior (taking aspirin removes headache → take aspirin more). Punishment: ad

Behavioral Psychology

Neuroplasticity · brain rewiring

3D neural network where pathways strengthen with use (getting brighter and thicker) and weaken with disuse (fading). New connections form as the brain

Biological Psychology

Neurotransmitters · dopamine

3D synapse gap between two neurons. Neurotransmitter molecules (dopamine in gold, serotonin in blue, GABA in green) cross the synaptic cleft and bind

Biological Psychology

Obedience to Authority · uniforms

3D figures in different attire. Lab coat figure gives orders and 65% comply. Casual figure gives same orders and few comply. The uniform alone changes

Social Psychology

Observational Learning · watching

3D chain: a model performs a behavior, an observer watches (attention rays), stores it mentally (retention), then reproduces it (motor reproduction),

Behavioral Psychology

Operant Conditioning · Skinner

3D Skinner box with a rat pressing a lever. Positive reinforcement (food pellet) increases behavior. Punishment (mild shock) decreases it. Show the be

Behavioral Psychology

Overjustification Effect · rewards kill intrinsic motivation

3D child happily drawing (intrinsic glow). Then an external reward is introduced (gold star). The child now draws only for stars. When stars stop, the

Cognitive Psychology

Peak-End Rule · memory of experiences

3D timeline of an experience showing pain/pleasure levels over time. The brain only remembers the peak moment and the ending. A longer painful procedu

Cognitive Psychology

Piaget's Cognitive Stages · sensorimotor

3D child growing through four cognitive stages. Sensorimotor: touching objects. Preoperational: symbolic play. Concrete: logical blocks. Formal: abstr

Developmental Psychology

Placebo Effect · belief

3D split comparison: one person takes a real pill (blue), another takes a sugar pill (white). Both show healing particles. The placebo group heals too

Health Psychology

Positive vs Negative Reinforcement · adding reward vs removing discomfort

3D two scenarios. Positive: pressing button adds a treat (green plus). Negative: pressing button removes an annoying sound (red minus gone). Both INCR

Behavioral Psychology

Priming Effect · subtle cues influence behavior

3D brain being exposed to subtle word flashes (old, wrinkle, gray). Without awareness, the person then walks slower. Show how exposure to stimuli unco

Cognitive Psychology

Proactive & Retroactive Interference · old memories block new

3D memory shelves. Proactive: old books (red) prevent new books (blue) from being shelved. Retroactive: new books push old books off the shelf. Both s

Cognitive Psychology

Prosocial Behavior · helping

3D person helping another up a cliff. Empathy rays connect their minds. Reward pathways light up in the helper's brain too — helping others activates

Social Psychology

Pygmalion Effect · expectations shape reality

3D classroom where teacher's expectations (glowing labels) literally lift or hold down students. High-expectation students rise and glow. Low-expectat

Educational Psychology

Reciprocity Principle · give and take

3D two figures exchanging gifts. When one gives, the other feels compelled to give back — shown by a growing obligation meter. Free samples, favors, a

Social Psychology

Repression · Freud

3D mind with three layers: conscious (bright surface), preconscious (dim middle), unconscious (dark depths). Traumatic memories are pushed down to the

Clinical Psychology

Schemas · mental frameworks

3D filing cabinet in the brain. New information arrives — if it fits an existing schema folder, it slides in (assimilation). If not, a new folder is c

Cognitive Psychology

Selective Attention · cocktail party

3D scene with multiple stimuli competing for attention. A spotlight beam focuses on one conversation while others fade. Then a gorilla walks through u

Cognitive Psychology

Self-Efficacy · Bandura

3D person facing increasingly tall walls. With high self-efficacy (green glow), they attempt and clear each wall. With low self-efficacy (dim glow), t

Cognitive Psychology

Self-Serving Bias · success is mine

3D person receiving a trophy (success) — arrows point inward to personal ability. Same person receiving a failure — arrows point outward to bad luck,

Social Psychology

Sensory Adaptation · getting used to constant stimuli

3D nose entering a smelly room. Initially the smell signal is huge (big wave). Over minutes, the signal decreases until the nose stops detecting it en

Biological Psychology

Serial Position Effect · primacy

3D list of items in a row. First items (primacy) and last items (recency) glow bright green, showing high recall. Middle items dim and fade, showing t

Cognitive Psychology

Signal Detection Theory · hits

3D radar screen with signal (target) and noise (static). Four outcomes animate: Hit (detect real signal, green), Miss (miss real signal, red), False A

Cognitive Psychology

Sleeper Effect · persuasion grows over time

3D timeline. An untrustworthy source delivers a persuasive message — initially dismissed. Over time, the source is forgotten but the message remains.

Social Psychology

Social Facilitation · performing better with an audience

3D runner on a track. Running alone: moderate speed. Running with audience: faster for simple tasks (green boost). But for complex tasks, audience cau

Social Psychology

Social Identity Theory · in-group

3D groups of figures with different colors. Members of each group glow with in-group pride while viewing out-group members dimly. Show categorization,

Social Psychology

Social Loafing · less effort in groups

3D rope-pulling experiment. One person pulls with full force (100%). In a group of 8, each person pulls with only 50% force. Individual effort decreas

Social Psychology

Split-Brain Studies · left hemisphere

3D brain splitting into two hemispheres. Left hemisphere processes language (text labels appear). Right hemisphere processes spatial/visual (shapes ro

Biological Psychology

Spotlight Effect · overestimating others' attention

3D person with an embarrassing stain on their shirt, surrounded by a giant spotlight. In reality, the bystanders barely notice — their attention spotl

Social Psychology

Stanford Prison Experiment · roles

3D prison cells with guards and prisoners. Guards gain power symbols (batons glow brighter) while prisoners shrink. Shows how assigned roles dramatica

Social Psychology

Stroop Effect · interference

3D words of colors written in mismatched ink colors (the word RED written in blue). A timer shows reaction time increasing dramatically when color and

Cognitive Psychology

Structuralism & Introspection · Wundt

3D recreation of Wundt's Leipzig lab. A subject reports their conscious experience while stimuli are presented. Internal observations are recorded as

History of Psychology

Sunk Cost Fallacy · throwing good money after bad

3D pile of invested coins growing taller. Despite the project clearly failing (red warning signs), more coins keep being added because of what's alrea

Cognitive Psychology

Theory of Mind · understanding others' thoughts

3D two children with Sally-Anne test. Sally puts a ball in a basket and leaves. Anne moves it to a box. Young children think Sally will look in the bo

Developmental Psychology

Types of Conformity · compliance

3D three levels of conformity depth. Compliance: surface agreement (thin shell). Identification: adopting group identity (thicker layer). Internalizat

Social Psychology

Working Memory Model · Baddeley

3D central executive directing traffic to two subsystems: phonological loop (cycling speech sounds in a loop) and visuospatial sketchpad (rotating men

Cognitive Psychology

Yerkes-Dodson Law · arousal

3D inverted-U curve. Too little arousal (left) shows a sleeping figure with low performance. Optimal arousal (peak) shows peak performance. Too much a

Cognitive Psychology

Zone of Proximal Development · Vygotsky

3D concentric circles: inner circle (what child can do alone), middle ring glowing gold (ZPD — what child can do with help), outer circle (too difficu

Educational Psychology